Abarema

Abarema
	Abarema cochliocarpos
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Caesalpinioideae
Clade:	Mimosoid clade
Genus:	Abarema; Pittier
Species
	3; see text

Abarema is a neotropical genus in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Brazil and Venezuela.^[1] Most of the species can be found in the Amazon Basin and the Guyana Highlands. They have a deep-green fernlike foliage, with bipinnately compound leaves.

Taxonomy

In older works, the entire genus is usually included within Pithecellobium.^[2] Following the 1996 revision, about 45 species were accepted. This genus has been proven to be polyphyletic under its previous circumscription. As a result of the genetic evidence, the genera Jupunba and Punjuba were separated from Abarema, and most of those species are now placed in Jupunba and Punjuba.^[3]

Species

Plants of the World Online currently accepts three species.^[1]

Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes – barbatimo: eastern Brazil
Abarema diamantina E.Guerra, Iganci & M.P.Morim – northeastern Brazil (central Bahia)
Abarema levelii (R.S.Cowan) Barneby & J.W.Grimes – southern Venezuela and northern Brazil

Status uncertain

Abarema agropecuaria Barneby & J.W.Grimes (World Flora Online considers this an unplaced name)^[4]
Abarema ricoae Barneby & J.W.Grimes, nom. inval. (World Flora Online considers this an unplaced name)^[5]

Formerly placed here

Archidendron bigeminum (L.) I.C.Nielsen (as Abarema abeywickramae Kosterm., Abarema bigemina (L.) Kosterm., and Abarema monadelpha (Roxb.) Kosterm.)^[6]
Archidendron grandiflorum (Benth.) I.C.Nielsen (as Abarema grandiflora (Benth.) Kosterm.)^[7]
Archidendron hendersonii (F.Muell.) I.C.Nielsen (as Abarema hendersonii (F.Muell.) Kosterm.)^[8]
Hydrochorea acreana (J.F.Macbr.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes (as Abarema acreana (J.F.Macbr.) L.Rico)
Jupunba abbottii (Rose & Leonard) Britton & Rose (as Abarema abbottii (Rose & Leonard) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) – Abbott abarema
Jupunba adenophora (Ducke) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema adenophora (Ducke) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba alexandri (Urb.) Britton & Rose (as Abarema alexandri (Urb.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba asplenifolia (Griseb.) Britton & Rose (Abarema asplenifolia (Griseb.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) – spleen-leaved abarema
Jupunba auriculata (Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema auriculata (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes – guarango maní
Jupunba barbouriana (Standl.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (synonym Abarema barbouriana (Standl.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) – Barbour abarema
Jupunba brachystachya (DC.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema brachystachya (DC.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes and Abarema obovata (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) – obovate abarema
Jupunba campestris (Spruce ex Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema campestris (Spruce ex Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba cochleata (Willd.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema cochleata (Willd.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
- Jupunba cochleata var. moniliformis (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema cochleata var. moniliformis (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes and Abarema moniliformis Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba commutata (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema commutata Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba curvicarpa (H.S.Irwin) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema curvicarpa (H.S.Irwin) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
- Jupunba curvicarpa var. rodriguesii (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci as Abarema curvicarpa var. rodriguesii Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba ferruginea (Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema ferruginea (Benth.) Pittier)
Jupunba filamentosa (Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (Abarema filamentosa (Benth.) Pittier)
Jupunba floribunda (Spruce ex Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema floribunda (Spruce ex Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba gallorum (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema gallorum Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba ganymedea (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema ganymedea Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba glauca (Urb.) Britton & Rose (as Abarema glauca (Urb.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba idiopoda (S.F.Blake) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema idiopoda (S.F.Blake) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)^[9]
Jupunba laeta (Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema laeta (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba langsdorffii (Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema langsdorffii (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba leucophylla (Spruce ex Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema leucophylla (Spruce ex Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
- Jupunba leucophylla var. vaupesensis (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema leucophylla var. vaupesensis Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba longipedunculata (H.S.Irwin) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (Abarema longipedunculata (H.S.Irwin) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba macradenia (Pittier) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema macradenia (Pittier) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) – Panama abarema
Jupunba mataybifolia (Sandwith) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema mataybifolia (Sandwith) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba microcalyx (Spruce ex Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema microcalyx (Spruce ex Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba nipensis (Britton) Britton & Rose (as Abarema nipensis (Britton) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba obovalis (A.Rich.) Britton & Rose (as Abarema obovalis (A.Rich.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba oppositifolia (Urb.) Britton & Rose (as Abarema oppositifolia (Urb.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) – opposite-leaved abarema
Jupunba oxyphyllidia (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema oxyphyllidia Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba piresii (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema piresii Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba trapezifolia (Vahl) Moldenke (as Abarema trapezifolia (Vahl) Pittier and Abarema jupunba var. trapezifolia (Vahl) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
- Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia (Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema jupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip) – Delmare abarema, crabwood, dalmare, delmare, jumbie head, soapy-soapy; wild tamarin (Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, tropical South America)
Jupunba turbinata (Benth.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema turbinata (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba villifera (Ducke) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema villifera (Ducke) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Jupunba zolleriana (Standl. & Steyerm.) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema zolleriana (Standl. & Steyerm.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Punjuba callejasii (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema callejasii Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Punjuba centiflora (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci (as Abarema centiflora Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Punjuba josephi (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci as Abarema josephi Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Punjuba killipii Britton & Rose (as Abarema killipii (Britton & Rose) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Punjuba lehmannii Britton & Rose (as Abarema lehmannii (Britton & Rose) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)
Punjuba racemiflora (Donn.Sm.) Britton & Rose (as Abarema racemiflora (Donn.Sm.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes)

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Abarema Pittier. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 March 2025.
^ Barneby & Grimes (1996), ILDIS (2005)
^ Soares, M. V. B., Guerra, E., Morim, M. P., & Iganci, J. R. V. (2021). "Reinstatement and recircumscription of Jupunba and Punjuba (Fabaceae) based on phylogenetic evidence." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 196(4), 456-479.
^ WFO (2025). Abarema agropecuaria Barneby & J.W.Grimes. World Flora Online. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
^ WFO (2025). Abarema ricoae Barneby & J.W.Grimes. World Flora Online. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
^ "Archidendron bigeminum (L.) I.C.Nielsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ "Archidendron grandiflorum (Benth.) I.C.Nielsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ "Archidendron hendersonii (F.Muell.) I.C.Nielsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ "Jupunba idiopoda (S.F.Blake) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

References

Media related to Abarema at Wikimedia Commons

Barneby, R.C. & Grimes, J.W. (1996): Silk Tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's Earring: A generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and Allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74(1): 1–292. ISBN 0-89327-395-3
International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genus Abarema. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2008-MAR-31.

[powo-1] Abarema Pittier. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 March 2025.

[2] Barneby & Grimes (1996), ILDIS (2005)

[Soares_et_al.,_2021-3] Soares, M. V. B., Guerra, E., Morim, M. P., & Iganci, J. R. V. (2021). "Reinstatement and recircumscription of Jupunba and Punjuba (Fabaceae) based on phylogenetic evidence." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 196(4), 456-479.

[4] WFO (2025). Abarema agropecuaria Barneby & J.W.Grimes. World Flora Online. Retrieved 26 March 2025.

[5] WFO (2025). Abarema ricoae Barneby & J.W.Grimes. World Flora Online. Retrieved 27 March 2025.

[6] "Archidendron bigeminum (L.) I.C.Nielsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

[7] "Archidendron grandiflorum (Benth.) I.C.Nielsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

[8] "Archidendron hendersonii (F.Muell.) I.C.Nielsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

[9] "Jupunba idiopoda (S.F.Blake) M.V.B.Soares, M.P.Morim & Iganci". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

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